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| Charging Chemical Reaction of Panasonic Battery |
| Time：2019-05-15 Source： Views：2199 |
1. How does the electromotive force of Panasonic battery come into being?
After charging Panasonic batteries, lead dioxide (PbO 2) on the cathode plate, under the action of water molecule in sulphuric acid solution, a small amount of lead dioxide and water form dissociatable unstable substance - lead hydroxide (OH) 4. In the solution, oxygen hydroxide ions remain on the cathode plate, so there is a lack of electrons on the cathode plate.
After charging the Panasonic battery, the negative plate is lead (Pb), which reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the electrolyte and becomes lead ion (Pb2). The lead ion is transferred to the electrolyte, leaving two extra electrons (2e) on the negative plate.
It can be seen that when the external circuit is not connected (the battery is open), due to chemical action, there is a lack of electrons on the positive plate, and redundant electrons on the negative plate, there is a certain potential difference between the two plates, which is the electromotive force of the battery.
2. Electrochemical Reaction of Panasonic Battery in Discharge Process
When Panasonic battery discharges, under the action of the potential difference of the battery, the electrons on the negative plate pass through the load and enter the positive plate to form current I. At the same time, chemical reactions are carried out in the battery.
After each lead atom on the negative plate emits two electrons, the lead ion (Pb2) generated reacts with sulfate ion (SO4-2) in the electrolyte to produce insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO4) on the plate.
After two electrons (2e) from the negative electrode are obtained, the lead ion (Pb4) in the positive plate becomes divalent lead ion (Pb2), which reacts with sulfate ion (SO4-(2) in the electrolyte to form insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO4) on the plate. Oxygen ion (O-2) hydrolyzed from positive plate reacts with hydrogen ion (H) in electrolyte to form stable substance water.
The sulfate ion and hydrogen ion in the electrolyte move to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery under the action of electric field, and form current in the Panasonic battery, so that the whole circuit is formed and the battery discharges continuously outward.
When discharging, the concentration of H2SO4 decreases, the lead sulfate (PbSO4) on the positive and negative electrodes increases, the internal resistance of the battery increases (lead sulfate is not conductive), the concentration of electrolyte decreases, and the electromotive force of Panasonic battery decreases.
3. Electrochemical Reaction of Panasonic Battery during Charging
When charging, the charger (charging electrode or rectifier) of external direct current power supply should be connected to restore the substances generated by positive and negative plates after discharge to the original active substances, and to store the external energy into chemical energy.
On the positive plate, lead sulfate is dissociated into divalent lead ion (Pb2) and sulfate negative ion (SO4-2) under the action of external current. As the external power source continuously absorbs electrons from the positive plate, the free divalent lead ion (Pb2) near the positive plate continuously emits two electrons to supplement, and then becomes tetravalent lead ion (Pb4), which reacts with water and eventually forms on the positive plate. Lead dioxide (PbO 2).
On the negative plate, lead sulfate is dissociated into divalent lead ion (Pb2) and sulfate negative ion (SO4-2) under the action of external current. As the negative pole continuously obtains electrons from the external power supply, free divalent lead ion (Pb2) near the negative plate is neutralized into lead (Pb) and adhered to the negative plate with velvety lead.
In the electrolyte, free hydrogen ions (H) and sulfate ions (SO4-2) are continuously produced at the positive electrode, while sulfate ions (SO4-2) are continuously produced at the negative electrode. Under the action of electric field, hydrogen ions move to the negative electrode, and sulfate ions move to the positive electrode to form current.
At the later stage of charging, under the action of external current, water electrolysis will also occur in the solution.
4. Change of Electrolyte after Charging and Discharging of Panasonic Battery
When the Panasonic battery discharges, the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte decreases, the water increases gradually, and the specific gravity of the solution decreases.
When the Panasonic battery is charged, the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte increases, the water decreases and the proportion of the solution increases.
In practice, the charging degree of Panasonic battery can be roughly judged according to the change of electrolyte specific gravity.
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